Summary of State Net
Metering Programs
|
State |
Utilities |
Eligible Fuels |
Eligible Customers |
Limit on
System Size |
Limit on
Overall Enrollment |
Treatment of Net Excess Generation (NEG)* |
Enacted
|
Citation / Reference |
AZ |
IOUs and RECs |
Renewables & cogeneration |
All customer
classes |
<= 100 kW |
None |
Monthly NEG
purchased at avoided cost |
1981
|
Ariz. Corp.
Comm. Decision No. 52345 |
CA |
All utilities |
Solar and wind |
Residential and small commercial |
<= 10 kW |
0.1% of 1996
peak demand |
Customers are billed annually; excess generation is granted
to the utility. CA also allows bi-directional time-of-use
metering |
1995
|
Cal. Pub. Util.
Code § 2827 (as amended 1998 and 2000). |
CO |
Individual utilities |
All resources |
All customers |
<= 10 kW |
None |
NEG carried over
month-to-month |
1994
|
Public Service
Co. of CO, Advice Letter 1265; Decision C96-901; and various
RECs |
CT |
IOUs |
Solar, wind,
hydro, fuel cell, sustainable biomass |
Residential only |
No limit |
None |
Not specified |
1998
|
Conn. Gen. Stat.
16-243h |
DE |
All utilities |
Renewables |
All customer
classes |
<= 25 kW |
None |
Not specified |
1999
|
DE Legislature,
S Amend 1 to HB 10 |
ID |
IOUs |
Renewables & cogeneration |
Idaho Power
only; residential and small commercial |
<= 100 kW |
None |
Monthly NEG
purchased at avoided cost |
1980
|
ID PUC Orders
No. 16025 (1980); 26750 (1997) |
IL |
Com Ed only |
Solar and wind |
All customer
classes |
< 40 kW |
0.1% of annual
peak demand |
Monthly NEG
purchased at avoided cost |
1999
|
Special billing
experiment (effective 4/1/00) |
IN |
IOUs only |
Renewables & cogeneration |
All customer
classes |
<= 1,000
kWh/month |
None |
Monthly NEG
granted to the utility. |
1985
|
170 IN Admin
Code § 4-4.1-7 |
IA |
IOUs only |
Renewables |
All customer
classes |
No limit |
None |
Monthly NEG
purchased at avoided cost |
1983
|
IA Legislature &
IA Utilities Board, Utilities Division Rules § 15.11(5) |
ME |
All utilities |
Renewables, fuel cells & recycled municipal solid waste |
All customer
classes |
<= 100 kW |
None |
NEG credited to
following month; at end of annual period any unused credits
are granted to utility without compensation |
1998
|
Code Me. R. Ch.
§ 313 (1998); see also Order No. 98-621 (December 19, 1998). |
MD |
All utilities |
Solar only |
Residential customers & schools |
<= 80 kW |
0.2% of 1998
peak demand |
NEG carried over
to following month; otherwise not specified |
1997
|
MD Legislature,
Art. 78, Sec. 54M |
MA |
All utilities |
Renewables & cogeneration |
All customer
classes |
<= 60 kW |
None |
Monthly NEG
purchased at avoided cost |
1997
|
Mass. Gen. L.
ch. 164, § 1G(g); Dept. of Tel. & Energy 97-111 |
MN |
All utilities |
Renewables & cogeneration |
All customer
classes |
< 40 kW |
None |
Monthly NEG
purchased at "average retail utility energy rate" |
1983
|
Minn. Stat. §
261B.164(3) |
MT |
IOUs |
Solar, wind or
hydro |
All customer
classes |
<= 50 kW |
None |
NEG credited to
following month; at end of annual period any unused credits
are granted to utility without compensation |
1999
|
S.B. 409 |
NV |
All utilities |
Solar and wind |
All customer
classes |
<= 10 kW |
100 customers
for each utility |
Annualization allowed; no compensation required for NEG |
1997
|
Nev. Rev. S. Ch.
704 |
NH |
All utilities |
PV, wind & hydro |
All customer
classes |
<= 25 kW |
0.05% of annual
peak |
NEG carried over
to following month |
1998
|
NH Rev. Stat.
§§362A:1-a & 362-A:9 |
NJ |
All utilities |
Photovoltaic and wind |
Residential and small commercial |
No limit (100 kW
limit proposed) |
0.1% of peak or
$2,000,000 annual financial impact |
NEG credited to
following month; at end of annual period any unused credits
are purchased at avoided cost. |
1999
|
N.J. Rev. Stat.
§ 48:3-87 Sec. 38(e) |
NM |
All utilities |
Renewables & cogeneration |
All customer
classes |
<= 10 kW |
None |
At utility’s
option, customer is credited on the next bill for (1)
purchase of NEG at utility’s avoided cost; or (2)
kilowatt-hour credit for NEG that carries over from month to
month. |
1999
|
17 N.M. Admin.
Code 10.571 |
NY |
All utilities |
PV only |
Residential only |
<= 10 kW |
0.1% of 1996
peak |
NEG credited to
following month; at end of annual period any unused credits
are purchased at avoided cost |
1997
|
N.Y. Pub. Serv.
Law § 66-j |
ND |
IOUs only |
Renewables & cogeneration |
All customer
classes |
<= 100 kW |
None |
Monthly NEG
purchased at avoided cost |
1991
|
N.D. Admin. Code
§ 69-09-07-09 |
OH |
All utilities |
Solar, wind,
biomass, landfill gas, hydro, microturbines, or fuel cells |
All customer
classes |
No limit |
1.0% of peak
demand for each retail electric provider |
NEG purchased at
unbundled generation rate, appears as credit on following
bill |
1999
|
Ohio Rev. Code.
§ 4928.67 |
OK |
All utilities |
Renewables & cogeneration |
All customer
classes |
<= 100 kW and
annual output <= 25,000 kWh |
None |
Monthly NEG is
granted to utility |
1990
|
Okla. Corp.
Comm. Schedule QF-2 |
OR |
|
Solar, wind,
fuel cell and hydro |
All customer
classes |
<= 25 kW |
No less than
0.5% of utility’s historic single-hour peak load; beyond
0.5% eligibility can be limited by regulatory authority |
NEG purchased at
avoided cost or credited to following month; at end of
annual period unused credits shall be granted to low-income
assistance programs, credited to customer, or “dedicated to
other use” as determined by regulatory authority |
1999
|
Or. Rev. Stat.
757.300 |
PA |
All utilities |
Renewables only (includes fuel cells) |
All customer
classes |
<= 10 kW |
None |
Monthly NEG is
granted to utility |
1998
|
52 Pa. Cons.
Stat. § 57.34(b)(4), and individual utility tariffs |
RI |
Narragansett Electric |
Renewables & fuel cells |
All customer
classes |
<= 25 kW |
1 MW |
NEG credited to
following month; at end of annual period any unused credits
are granted to utility without compensation |
1998
|
R.I. PUC, Order,
Docket No. 2710 |
TX |
IOUs and RECs |
Renewables only |
All customer
classes |
<= 50 kW |
None |
Monthly NEG
purchased at avoided cost |
1986
|
Tex. PUC,
Substantive Rules, § 25.242(h)(4) |
VT |
All utilities |
Solar, wind,
fuel cells using renewable fuel, anaerobic digestion |
Residential, commercial, and agricultural |
<= 15 kW, except
<= 125 kW for anaerobic digesters |
1% of 1996 peak |
NEG credited to
following month; at end of annual period any unused credits
are granted to utility without compensation |
1998
|
VT. Stat. Ann. §
219a |
VA |
All utilities |
Solar, wind and
hydro |
Residential and commercial |
<= 10 kW
(residential); <= 25 kW (commercial) |
0.1% of annual
peak demand |
Net metering
customers are billed annually; excess generation is granted
to the utility |
1999
|
Va. Code Ann. §
56-594 |
WA |
All utilities |
Solar, wind,
hydro and fuel cells |
All customer
classes |
<= 25 kW |
0.1% of 1996
peak, with no less than half for renewables |
NEG credited to
following month; at end of annual period any unused credits
are granted to utility without compensation |
1998
|
Wash. Rev. Code
§ 80.60 (amended 2000) |
WI |
IOUs only |
All Resource |
All retail
customers |
<= 20 kW |
None |
Monthly NEG
purchased at retail rate for renewables, avoided cost for
non-renewables |
1993 |
Wis. PSC,
Schedule PG-4 |